通过锻造能消除金属在冶炼过程中产生的铸态疏松等缺陷，优化微观组织结构，同时由于保存了完整的金属流线，锻件的机械性能一般优于同样材料的铸件。

Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the smelting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.

自由锻都是以生产批量不大的锻件为主，采用锻锤、液压机等锻造设备对坯料进行成形加工，获得合格锻件。 自由锻的基本工序包括镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。自由锻采取的都是热锻方式。

Free forging is in the production of small quantities of forgings, the forging, hydraulic press forging equipment is carried out on the blank forming process, obtain qualified forgings. The basic process of free forging including upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. The free forging is all hot forging.

在锻造时，金属的脆性杂质被打碎 ，顺着金属主要伸长方向呈碎粒状或链状分布；塑性杂质随着金属变形沿主要伸长方向呈带状分布 ， 这样热锻后的金属组织就具有一定的方向性。

When forging, the brittle metal impurities to be broken down, the main direction of elongation is like particles of metal or plastic chain distribution; impurities with metal deformation distributed along the main direction of elongation, so after hot forging metal organization has certain direction.